Hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site

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Hydrochlorothiazide HCTZ is a thiazide diuretic used in the management of edema and hypertension. In hypertension, thiazide diuretics are often used as initial therapy, either alone or in combination with other agents.

CV Pharmacology | Diuretics

Unlike the loop diuretics, their efficacy hydrochlorothiazide mechanism diminished in patients with renal insufficiency. Hydrochlorothiazide also has been hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site to treat diabetes hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site and hypercalciuria, although these are not FDA-approved indications. Hydrochlorothiazide was approved by the FDA in Thiazide diuretics increase the excretion of sodium, chloride, and water by inhibiting sodium ion transport across the renal tubular epithelium.

Although thiazides may have more than one action, the major mechanism responsible for diuresis is to inhibit active chloride more info at the distal portion of the ascending limb hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site, more likely, the early part of the distal tubule i.

HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE - Fact Sheet: Interactions & Side Effects

Exactly how chloride transport is impaired is hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site. Thiazides also increase the excretion of potassium and bicarbonate, and they decrease the urinary excretion of calcium and uric acid. Hydrochlorothiazide may be used to reduce hypercalciuria and prevent the recurrence of calcium-containing renal calculi.

By increasing the sodium load at the distal renal tubule, action site indirectly increases hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site excretion via the sodium-potassium exchange mechanism. Hypochloremia and hypokalemia can cause mild metabolic alkalosis. The diuretic action site of hydrochlorothiazide is click to see hydrochlorothiazide mechanism affected by the acid-base balance action site the patient.

Hydrochlorothiazide is not an aldosterone antagonist, and its main action is independent of carbonic anhydrase inhibition. The antihypertensive mechanism of hydrochlorothiazide is unknown.

It usually does not affect normal blood pressure.

Thiazide Diuretics

Initially, diuretics lower blood pressure by decreasing cardiac output and reducing action site and extracellular fluid volume. Cardiac output eventually returns to normal, plasma and extracellular fluid values return to slightly less action site normal, but peripheral vascular resistance is reduced, resulting in lower blood pressure.

These diuretics also decrease the glomerular filtration rate, which contributes to the drug's lower efficacy in patients with renal impairment.

The changes in hydrochlorothiazide mechanism volume induce an elevation in plasma renin activity, and aldosterone secretion is increased, contributing to the potassium loss hydrochlorothiazide mechanism of action site with thiazide action site therapy. In general, diuretics worsen LVH and glucose tolerance, and exert detrimental effects on the lipid profile.

Hydrochlorothiazide is administered orally. The drug crosses the placenta, but not the blood-brain barrier, and is distributed into breast milk.

Hydrochlorothiazide is not significantly metabolized and is excreted unchanged in the urine.

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