Digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017

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Digoxinsold under the brand name Lanoxin among others, is a medication used to treat various heart conditions. Common side effects include breast enlargement digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 other side effects generally due to an excessive dose.

Digoxin was first isolated in from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata.

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There is tentative evidence that digoxin may increase read article risk of death, [12] though another meta-analysis in reported no change in mortality.

Digoxin is no digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 the first choice for impact factor 2017 just click for source ; it has fallen out of favor in people with heart failure because it may digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 the risk of death. Digoxin is a 3rd line therapy. Digoxin is also used intrafetally or amniotically during abortions in the late second trimester and third trimester of pregnancy.

It typically causes fetal demise measured by digoxin pharmacology of cardiac activity within hours of administration. The occurrence of adverse drug reactions is owing to its narrow therapeutic index the margin between effectiveness and toxicity.

Gynaecomastia enlargement of breast tissue is mentioned in many impact factor 2017 as a side effect, thought impact factor continue reading be due to the estrogen -like steroid moiety of the digoxin molecule, [16] but when systematically sought, digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 evidence for this is equivocal.

Journal of Healthcare Engineering

In overdose, the usual supportive measures are needed. Digoxin is usually given orally, but can also be given by IV impact factor 2017 in urgent situations the IV injection should be slow, and heart rhythm should be monitored.

While IV therapy may be better tolerated less nauseadigoxin has a very long distribution half-life into the cardiac tissue, which will delay its digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 of action by a number of hours.

Digoxin elimination is mainly by renal excretion and involves P-glycoproteinwhich leads to significant clinical interactions with P-glycoprotein inhibitor /www-norvasc-5mg-foglio-illustrativo.html. Examples commonly used in patients with heart problems include spironolactoneverapamil and amiodarone.

In patients with decreased kidney function the half-life is considerably longer, along with decrease in Vd volume of distributioncalling for a reduction in impact digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 2017 or a switch to a different glycosidesuch as digitoxin not available in the United Stateswhich has a much longer elimination half-life of around seven days and is eliminated by the liver. Effective plasma levels vary depending on the medical indication.

For congestive heart failurelevels between 0. For heart rate control atrial fibrillationplasma levels are less defined and are generally titrated to a goal heart rate. Typically, digoxin levels are considered impact factor 2017 for heart rate control between 0.

Plasma potassium levels also need to be closely controlled see digoxin pharmacology impact factor 2017 effects, below.

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